Academic Word List Training
Most students are confident in writing in their own language but for IELTS, and especially for IELTS essays, the language that students use and select for their writing can be much more challenging. In particular, selecting inappropriate words for a report or essay can create a negative impression in the examiner’s mind of a student’s writing and lead to a lower band score.
What are academic words
A really easy but simple definition of academic words are the accepted words that the IELTS examiner would expect a good writer to select and use in an essay or report. In actual fact academic writing can be regarded as a genre of writing where word forms and tenses are accepted by an academic community as a whole.
I like to think that academic words can be divided into three basic groupings. First of all, there are the high frequency words found in formal or academic writing, followed by low frequency words in formal or academic writing and finally specialist terminology and phrases that only an expert would be able to use or be expected to understand without a dictionary.
The group of words I encourage you to study are the high-frequency words found in formal writing.
Why use academic words
As I have already mentioned, academic words are the types of words that are expected in academic writing.
In addition to this, using academic words in an IELTS essay can help make your writing appear both more informative, more educated and more authoritative.
Of course a further important reason for IELTS academic words is the need to distinguish yourself clearly away from the writing of a high school student.
Above all, carefully selecting and using appropriate academic words in your essay will help impress that examiner. It can help demonstrate that you can draw from a wide range of vocabulary and select the appropriate words.
Not doing this or being unaware of inappropriate words can have a negative effect in the tone of your writing and can affect the meaning. Above all, this can spoil the progression of your essay which is an assessed aspect of your writing.
Words to avoid in academic writing
There are certain words that you should really avoid in IELTS essay writing as well as Task 1 reports.
Try not to use…’get’…..
Most people get a pay increase yearly.
People can get a good salary in this profession.
If a student gets to a lesson late, there should be a penalty.
Many consumers don’t get climate change.
Commuters are better off getting the train than using the car.
Try not to use ‘like’ …..
There are plenty of effective energy saving tips, like switching off lights and having showers instead of baths.
These words are mostly colloquial and informal and will stand out in your writing.
Match the formal sentence with the phrasal verb
Avoid most phrasal verbs such as……get on, take up, get over, get in, get on with
There are literally hundreds of these!
Match the formal sentence with the phrasal verb
Never use slang such as …… bro, bookies, cash, stuff, workaholic, shopaholic, a pro, veg (vegetable) and avoid using idioms such as …. a blessing in disguise, a piece of cake, on top of the world, the sky is the limit, better late than never.
Always avoid colloquial speech in your writing such as ………
Don’t use contractions in your essay or Task 1 Report such as……. we’re they’ve I’m, I’ve and they’ve.
Don’t use abbreviations and vague expressions such as ….etc, literally, and so on and such like.
Using any of these can affect the tone of your writing, which will affect the progression throughout your IELTS essay or report.
This doesn’t apply to the General Writing Test. In this test, you might be asked to write an informal letter in which case all of the above might be possibly used in an informal letter.
What words do you need to know for academic reading
Good advice is that you probably need to know more words that you can use in your writing
In the reading test, in most cases it is possible to read around words that you don’t know by using the context and other information in the reading passage to help you. In fact, most readers do this when they read a new text anyway.
A good awareness of academic words is certainly helpful in the test, but it is not vital.
How to use academic words in your writing
In writing however, you probably need a good bank of words that you can actively use in your writing. The most effective way of improving in this area is active practice.
Plenty of textbooks offer good practice gap fills for high-frequency academic words and there are some good online resources too.
Being able to use the same word in its different word forms is a good way to increase your word bank knowledge, for example,
import (n) import (v) important (adj) importance (n)
How can I increase my academic word knowledge?
So the three most effective ways to increase your academic word knowledge is through reading widely, focussed practicing writing and completing useful gap fills- practice.
The Conversation is a good source of student friendly academic reading material and can help with topic awareness too and here’s a few online gap fill exercises I have created for my students to use.
My IELTS Academic practice word list
Finally I’ve collected a list of academic word and example sentences that can also be used to improve your level of suitable vocabulary which can be useful for even native speakers of English.
The list is being created step by step.
A:
Access (noun: to be able to enter, reach, approach something)
Access (verb: the ability or right to enter, reach approach something)
Accurate (adj: precise of exact, free from error)
Acquire (verb: to obtain or come into possession of something, to accumulate)
Achieve (verb: to accomplish, to reach a certain standard)
Analyse (verb: to look at something closely, examine in detail)
Aspect (noun: a part of element of something)
Assist (verb: to help or aid someone)
Assistance (noun: to provide help or aid)
Available (adj: free to help someone, present or in stock)
Aware (adj: have knowledge of something, conscious of something, surroundings)
Area – areas
Assessment – assess, assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed
Assume – assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions
Authority – authoritative, authorities
Available – availability, unavailable
B:
Benefit (verb: to receive an advantage or profit from something)
Benefit (noun: a payment by a government or insurance company / an advantage or profit gained from something )
Benign (adj: gently, kindly )
Benefit – beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits
C:
Concept – conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualised, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptually
Consistent – consist, consisted, consistency, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent
Constitutional – constituencies, constituency, constituent, constituents, constitute, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutions, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional
Context – contexts, contextual, contextualise, contextualised, contextualising decontextualised,
Contract – contracted, contracting, contractor, contractors, contracts
Create – created, creates, creating, creation, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating
Comment (on), Compensate (for), Component, Concentrate (on,) Consequence, Consist (of),Constant, Construct, Construction, Contribute, Convert (into), Correspond ( with/to), Crucial, Comment (on), Compensate (for), Consist (of), Constant, Construct, Construction, Contribute, Convert (into),Correspond ( with/to), Crucial,
D:
Data
Definition – definable, define, defined, defines, defining, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined
Derived – derivation, derivations, derivative, derivatives, derive, derives, deriving
Distribution – distribute, distributed, distributing, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor, distributors, redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution
Define (as), Demonstrate, Design, Disposal, Distance, Distinct
E:
Economic – economical, economically, economics, economies, economist, economists, economy, uneconomical
Environment – environmental, environmentalist, environmentalists, environmentally, environments
Established – disestablish, disestablished, disestablishes, disestablishing, disestablishment, establish, establishes, establishing, establishment, establishments
Estimate – estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimations, over-estimate, overestimate, overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating
Evidence – evidenced, evident, evidential, evidently
Export – exported, exporter, exporters, exporting, exports
Emphasise, Erode, Error, Exclude, Extract
F:
Factors – factor, factored, factoring
Financial – finance, financed, finances, financially, financier, financiers, financing
Formula – formulae, formulas, formulate, formulated, formulating, formulation, formulations, reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation, reformulations
Function – functional, functionally, functioned, functioning, functions
Flexible
I:
Identified – identifiable, identification, identifies, identify, identifying, identities, identity, unidentifiable
Income – incomes
Indicate – indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indications, indicative, indicator, indicators
Individual – individualised, individuality, individualism, individualist, individualists, individualistic, individually, individuals
Interpretation – interpret, interpretations, interpretative, interpreted, interpreting, interpretive, interprets misinterpret, misinterpretation, misinterpretations, misinterpreted, misinterpreting, misinterprets,
Involved – involve, involvement, involves, involving, uninvolved
Issues – issue, issued, issuing
Identification (noun:)
Identify (verb:)
Indicate (verb:)
Indication (noun:)
Indication (of)
Interpretation (noun:)
Import (verb:)
Import (noun:
Important (adj:)
Importance (noun:)
Item (noun:)
Labour – laboured, labouring, labours
Legal – illegal, illegality, illegally, legality, legally
Legislation – legislate, legislated, legislates, legislating, legislative, legislator, legislators, legislature
Legislation, Location, Logical
Major – majorities, majority
Method – methodical, methodological, methodologies, methodology, methods
Majority, Maximise ,Minimise, Monitor
Occur – occurred, occurrence, occurrences, occurring, occurs reoccur, reoccurred, reoccurring, reoccurs
Percent – per cent, percentage, percentages
Period – periodic, periodical, periodically, periodicals, periods
Policy – policies
Principle – principled, principles, unprincipled
Procedure – procedural, procedures, proceed, proceeded, proceeding, proceedings, proceeds
Process – processed, processes, processing
Required – require, requirement, requirements, requires, requiring
Research – researched, researcher, researchers, researches, researching
Response – respond, responded, respondent, respondents, responding, responds, responses, responsive, responsiveness, unresponsive
Role – roles
Relevant, Reliable, Require, Requirement, Resource, Respond, Retain, Role
Section – sectioned, sectioning, sections
Sector – sectors
Significant – insignificant, insignificantly, significance, significantly, signified, signifies, signify, signifying
Similar – dissimilar, similarities, similarity, similarly
Source – sourced, sources, sourcing
Specific – specifically, specification, specifications, specificity, specifics
Structure – restructure, restructured, restructures, restructuring, structural, structurally, structured, structures, structuring, unstructured
Theory – theoretical, theoretically, theories, theorist, theorists
Variables – invariable, invariably, variability, variable, variably, variance, variant, variants, variation, variations, varied, varies, vary, varying
Academic Word List 2
Achieve – achievable, achieved, achievement, achievements, achieves, achieving
Acquisition – acquire, acquired, acquires, acquiring, acquisitions
Administration – administrate, administrates administrations, administrative, administratively, administrator, administrators
Affect – affected, affecting, affective, affectively, affects, unaffected
Appropriate – appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately
Aspect – aspects
Assistance – assist, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted
Categories – category, categorisation, categorise, categorised, categorises, categorising, categorizing
Chapter – chapters
Cite – citations
Commission – commissioned, commissioner, commissioners, commissioning, commissions
Community – communities
Complex – complexities, complexity
Computer – compute, computation, computational, computations, computable, computed, computerised, computers, computing
Conclusion – conclude, concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusions, conclusive, conclusively inconclusive, inconclusively
Conduct – conducted, conducting, conducts
Consequences – consequent, consequence, consequently
Construction – construct, constructed, constructing, constructions, constructive, constructs reconstruct, reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructs
Consumer – consume, consumed, consumers, consumes, consuming, consumption
Credit – credited, crediting, creditor, creditors, credits
Cultural – culture, culturally, cultured, cultures, uncultured
Design – designed, designer, designers, designing, designs
Distinction – distinct, distinctions, distinctive, distinctively, distinctly, indistinct, indistinctly
Elements – element
Equation – equate, equated, equates, equating, equations
Evaluation – evaluate, evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluations, evaluative, re-evaluate, re-evaluated, re-evaluates, re-evaluating, re-evaluation
Features – feature, featured, featuring
Final – finalise, finalised, finalises, finalising, finality, finally, finals
Focus – focused, focuses, focusing, refocus, refocused, refocuses, refocusing
Impact – impacted, impacting, impacts
Injury – injure, injured, injures, injuries, injuring, uninjured
Institute – instituted, institutes, instituting, institution, institutional, institutionalise, institutionalised, institutionalises, institutionalising, institutionally, institutions
Investment – invest, invested, investing, investments, investor, investors, invests reinvest, reinvested, reinvesting, reinvestment, reinvests
Items – item, itemisation, itemise, itemised, itemises, itemising
Journal – journals
Maintenance – maintain, maintained, maintaining, maintains
Normal – normalisation, normalise, normalised, normalises, normalising, normality, normally abnormal, abnormally,
Obtained – obtain, obtainable, obtaining, obtains, unobtainable
Obtain, Obvious, Occur, Option
Participation – participate, participant, participants, participated, participates, participating, participatory
Perceived – perceive, perceives, perceiving, perception, perceptions
Positive – positively
Potential – potentially
Previous – previously
Primary – primarily
Purchase – purchased, purchaser, purchasers, purchases, purchasing
Participate, Participation, Period, Precise, Predictable, Prohibited, Proportion, Prospect, Psychological, Purchase, Pursue
Range – ranged, ranges, ranging
Regulations – regulate, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulator, regulators, regulatory, deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation, unregulated
Relevant – irrelevance, irrelevant, relevance
Resident – reside, resided, residence, residential, residents, resides, residing
Resources – resource, resourced, resourceful, resourcing unresourceful, under-resourced
Restricted – restrict, restricting, restriction, restrictions, restrictive, restrictively, restricts, unrestricted, unrestrictive
Security – secure, insecure, insecurities, insecurity, secured, securely, secures, securing, securities
Sought – seek, seeking, seeks
Select – selected, selecting, selection, selections, selective, selectively, selector, selectors, selects
Site – sites, situation, situational, situated
Survey – surveyed, surveying, surveys
Sector, Secure, Select, Significant, Source, Status, Structure, Substitute, Symbolise
Text – texts, textual
Traditional – texts, textual
Transfer – transferable, transference, transferred, transferring, transfers
Task, Technique, Topical, Transform, Transformation, Trend
Vary, Variation, Veritable, Visible
Prepared by IELTS-Jonathan for free distribution.
IELTS-JONATHAN-WORD-LIST-IELTSI hope this post helps ‘even the native’ speakers taking the IELTS Exam.
I’m Jonathan
I’ve taught IELTS and University English in more than a dozen universities and schools around the world.
I’m a parent, traveller and passionate about language teaching and helping students achieve their dreams.
Whilst living in Austria or working in Asia, I run IELTS courses to help students get to where they want to be.
If you are serious about IELTS, connect with me to see how I can help you.
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